The Roman Province of Bithynia, Pontus

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New Testament Roman Provinces
Achaia   -   Asia   -   Cappadocia
Cilicia   -   Dalmatia   -   Galatia   -   Judea
Lycia   -   Macedonia   -   Syria
Bithynia and the western portion of Pontus were combined in 64 B.C. to form a double province by Roman General Pompey. Bithynia is mentioned only twice in the Bible while Pontus is recorded only three times. Scripture does not record any cities within this northern Asia Minor provincial area.

Jews from Pontus (Bithynia) were among the many worshippers in Jerusalem on Pentecost in 30 A.D. when God poured out his spirit upon more than 3,000 people.

And they were all amazed, and marveled, saying to one another, "Behold, are not all these who are speaking Galileans? Then how is it that we hear each one in our own language in which we were born?

Parthians and Medes and Elamites, and those who inhabit Mesopotamia, and Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia . . . (Acts 2:7 - 9, HBFV throughout).

Pontus is the place where a Jew named Aquila, who later became a Christian along with his wife Priscilla, was born (Acts 18:1 - 2). The couple would become friends of the Apostle Paul and greatly aid his evangelistic efforts.


Map of New Testament Roman Provinces in Asia Minor

Forbidden to Preach

God, during Apostle Paul's second missionary journey, forbid him from preaching in or even entering Bithynia - Pontus.

And after passing through Phrygia and the region of Galatia (for they had been forbidden by the Holy Spirit to speak the word in Asia) They (Apostle Paul, Silas and Timothy) came down to Mysia and attempted to go to Bithynia; but the Spirit did not permit them to go there (Acts 16:6 - 7, HBFV).

One possible reason God did not allow Paul to preach in the province is that the Apostle Peter was already evangelizing the area (1Peter 1:1 - 2, see also Romans 15:19 - 20 and 2Corinthians 10:14 - 16). Peter addressed his first of two Biblical epistles to those in Bithynia - Pontus.

Later History

The popular study reference "The Life and Epistles of St. Paul," in its eighth chapter, states the following about Bithynia and its post-New Testament history.

"Stretching inland from the shores of the Propontis and Bosphorus, beyond the lakes near the cities of Nicaea and Nicomedia, to the upper ravines of the Sangarius, and the snowy range of Mount Olympus, it was a province rich in all the changes of beauty and grandeur . . .

"It was (Emperor) Hadrian's favorite province, and many monuments remain of that emperor's partiality . . ."

"The first great passage of its ecclesiastical history is found in the correspondence of (Roman Emperor) Trajan with its governor Pliny, concerning the persecution of the Christians. The second is the meeting of the first general council, when the Nicene Creed was drawn up on the banks of the Lake Ascanius."

Chalcedony is a precious stone found only once in the Bible (Revelation 21:19). It is believed to be named after the ancient Bithynian city of Chalcedon where it is found.

Recommended Articles
What Is Rome's Most Famous Road?
Chalcedony in the Bible
Who Were the First Christians?
Parthian Empire at its Peak Map
What Makes a Person a Jew?
Paul's Second Missionary Journey Map
How Did Peter Die?
How Did Rome Help Spread the Gospel?

Series Primary Sources
A New Classical Dictionary of Greek
and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography
Book of Acts and Paul in Roman Custody
by Brian Rapske
Book of Acts in Its Graeco-Roman Setting
by David W. J. Gill and Conrad Gempf
Holy Bible a Faithful Version (HBFV)
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Life and Epistles of Apostle Paul
by Conybeare and Howson



Quotes in this series taken from
Holy Bible in Its Original Order
unless noted.


Roman Provinces in New Testament
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